Francis turbines may be designed for a wide range of heads and flows. This, along with their high efficiency, has made them the most widely used turbine in the world. In contrast to the Pelton turbine, the Francis turbine operates at its best completely filled with water at all times. The turbine and the outlet channel may be placed lower than the lake or sea level outside, breducing the tendency for cavitation.

In addition to electrical production, they may also be used for pumped storage, where a reservoir is filled by the turbine (acting as a pump) driven by the generator acting as a large electrical motor during periods of low power demand, and then reversed and used to generate power during peak demand. These pump storage reservoirs act as large energy storage sources to store "excess" electrical energy in the form of water in elevated reservoirs.

Francis Turbine Components

1. Spiral Casing
Spiral casing is the inlet medium of water to the turbine. The water flowing from the reservoir or dam is made to pass through this pipe with high pressure. The blades of the turbines are circularly placed, which mean the water striking the turbines blades should flow in the circular axis for efficient striking. So the spiral casing is used, but due to circular movement of the water, it looses its pressure.

To maintain the same pressure the diameter of the casing is gradually reduced, so as to maintain the pressure uniform, thus uniform momentum or velocity striking the runner blades.

2. Stay Vanes
Stay vanes and guide vanes guides the water to the runner blades. Stay vanes remain stationary at their position and reduces the swirling of water due to radial flow, as it enters the runner blades. Thus making turbine more efficient.

3. Guide Vanes
Guide vanes are not stationary, they change their angle as per the requirement to control the angle of striking of water to turbine blades to increase the efficiency. They also regulate the flow rate of water into the runner blades thus controlling the power output of a turbine according to the load on the turbine.

4. Runner Blades
The performance and efficiency of the turbine is dependent on the design of the runner blades. In a Francis turbine, runner blades are divided into 2 parts. The lower half is made in the shape of small bucket so that it uses the impulse action of water to rotate the turbine.

The upper part of the blades use the reaction force of water flowing through it. These two forces together makes the runner to rotate.

5. Draft Tube
The pressure at the exit of the runner of Reaction Turbine is generally less than atmospheric pressure. The water at exit cannot be directly discharged to the tail race. A tube or pipe of gradually increasing area is used for discharging water from the exit of turbine to the tail race.

This tube of increasing area is called Draft Tube. One end of the tube is connected to the outlet of runner while the other end is sub-merged below the level of water in the tail-race.

Pelton Turbine Generator Product parameters

Chengdu Forster Technology is focused on design and manufacturing hydro turbines. The company was founded in 1956. Forster is the first Chinese state-owned enterprise and spares no effort to expand international market in 2013，At present, we have obtained orders in many water-rich areas such as Europe, Asia, South America, North America, etc., and as partners, we are qualified as long-term suppliers in many regions.

The capacity of hydro turbines is up to 50KW-30MW for a unit. The main hydro turbines areTurgo turbine ,pelton turbines, francis turbines, kaplan turbines ,bulb tubular turbines and other types of turbines.Foster also supplies governors, valves, transformers, monitoring systems, microcomputer integrated control panels and other equipment for hydroelectric power plants.

Forster is strict to IEC international standard and national standard. It has CE,ISO,TUV,certificate. The hydro turbines have different types, specifications and reliable quality with characteristics of reasonable structure, reliable operation, high efficiency, standardized parts ,convenient maintenance.

After obtaining the certification of IS09001/2000 quality management system, we still adhere to the rigorous work style formed in the turbine industry for many years, constantly and independently improve and perfect the management system of the enterprise, cherish and value the rich experience accumulated in the turbine production for decades, and constantly increase the technical force and Equipment input, focusing on the production, manufacture and installation of hydro-generator set equipment, auxiliary equipment of power station, production and manufacture of over-current components, repair and Capacity Upgrading of various power plant.

Forster always provides technical advice, services and the best technical solutions to customers based on their parameters. At the same time, it keeps offering after sale service for our product.

We always adhere to the principle of honesty and pragmatism, quality first, will be broad-minded, the attitude of life into our work, and strive to create a win-win situation for customers, enterprises and society. In the fierce market competition, we have always adhered to the details of success or failure, focusing on the achievement of excellence in the spirit of enterprise. In the friendly cooperation with customers at home and abroad, we have been pursuing the business philosophy of creating maximum value for customers.